Bragg diffraction is a fundamental principle that underpins the operation of acousto-optic devices, including acousto-optic frequency shifters (AOFS). It originates from the interaction between light waves and periodic structures that cause diffraction under specific conditions. In an AOFS, the periodic structure is created by an acoustic wave traveling through an acousto-optic crystal. This acoustic wave produces a periodic modulation of the crystal’s refractive index, effectively forming a dynamic diffraction grating. https://www.cq-smart.com/how-acousto-optic-frequency-shifters-aofs-work